Debian 11 上使用 Minicube 部署 Kubernetes 集群

我这边采用的是Hetzner的独立服务器配置，VPS也能部署

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 CPU 型号          : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7700 CPU @ 3.60GHz
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 CPU 核心数        : 1 物理核心, 4 总核心, 8 总线程数
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 CPU 频率          : 4089.603 MHz
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 CPU 缓存          : L1: 256.00 KB / L2: 1.00 MB / L3: 8.00 MB
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 硬盘空间          : 678.17 GiB / 936.60 GiB
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 启动盘路径        : /dev/md1
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 内存              : 24.31 GiB / 62.59 GiB
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 Swap              : [ no swap partition or swap file detected ]
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 系统在线时间      : 14 days, 19 hour 25 min
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 负载              : 1.42, 1.76, 2.01
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 系统              : Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye) (x86_64)
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 AES-NI指令集      : ✔ Enabled
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 VM-x/AMD-V支持    : ✔ Enabled
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 架构              : x86_64 (64 Bit)
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 内核              : 5.10.0-23-amd64
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 TCP加速方式       : bbr
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 虚拟化架构        : Dedicated
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 NAT类型           : 开放型
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 IPV4 ASN          : AS24940 Hetzner Online GmbH
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 IPV4 位置         : Berlin / Berlin / DE
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 IPV6 ASN          : AS24940 Hetzner Online GmbH
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 IPV6 位置         : Nuremberg / DE-BY

环境准备#
2 CPUs or more
2GB of free memory
20GB of free disk space
Internet connection
Container or virtual machine manager, such as: Docker, QEMU, Hyperkit, Hyper-V, KVM, Parallels, Podman, VirtualBox, or VMware Fusion/Workstation

安装 Kubectl#

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依次执行
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curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
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chmod +x ./kubectl
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sudo mv kubectl /usr/local/bin/
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### 检查Kubectl是否安装成功
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kubectl version -o yaml

安装Minikube#

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依次执行
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curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-darwin-amd64
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sudo install minikube-darwin-amd64 /usr/local/bin/minikube
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检查是否安装成功
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minikube version

启动Minikube#

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我这边采用的是Root权限下启动需要执行的，如果直接minikube启动，会有权限警告错误
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minikube start --driver=docker --force

错误整理：#

Root登录权限下直接通过minikube start 启动集群

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minikube v1.31.2 on Debian 11.7
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Automatically selected the docker driver. Other choices: ssh, none
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The "docker" driver should not be used with root privileges. If you wish to continue as root, use --force.
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If you are running minikube within a VM, consider using --driver=none:
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https://minikube.sigs.k8s.io/docs/reference/drivers/none/
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X Exiting due to DRV_AS_ROOT: The "docker" driver should not be used with root privileges.

解决方案：1.更换用户 2.以 minikube start —driver=docker —force 命令启动集群

检查集群状态#

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kubectl cluster-info

检查正在运行的节点#

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kubectl get nodes

访问Minikube 容器#

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minikube ssh

退出容器Shell

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exit

停止和删除 Kubernetes 集群#

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minikube stop
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minikube delete

检查Minikube状态#

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minikube status

访问Minikube Kubernetes Dashboard#

默认情況下，Minikube 提供了一個 Web 端，可用来管理你的集群。

你可以使用以下命令列出所有 minikube 插件：minikube addons list

你可以看到以下输出：

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[15:56 root@panel ~] > minikube addons list
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|-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------|
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|         ADDON NAME          | PROFILE  |    STATUS    |           MAINTAINER           |
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|-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------|
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| ambassador                  | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Ambassador)         |
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| auto-pause                  | minikube | disabled     | minikube                       |
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| cloud-spanner               | minikube | disabled     | Google                         |
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| csi-hostpath-driver         | minikube | disabled     | Kubernetes                     |
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| dashboard                   | minikube | disabled     | Kubernetes                     |
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| default-storageclass        | minikube | enabled ✅   | Kubernetes                     |
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| efk                         | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Elastic)            |
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| freshpod                    | minikube | disabled     | Google                         |
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| gcp-auth                    | minikube | disabled     | Google                         |
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| gvisor                      | minikube | disabled     | minikube                       |
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| headlamp                    | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (kinvolk.io)         |
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| helm-tiller                 | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Helm)               |
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| inaccel                     | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (InAccel             |
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|                             |          |              | [info@inaccel.com])            |
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| ingress                     | minikube | disabled     | Kubernetes                     |
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| ingress-dns                 | minikube | disabled     | minikube                       |
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| inspektor-gadget            | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party                      |
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|                             |          |              | (inspektor-gadget.io)          |
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| istio                       | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Istio)              |
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| istio-provisioner           | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Istio)              |
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| kong                        | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Kong HQ)            |
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| kubevirt                    | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (KubeVirt)           |
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| logviewer                   | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (unknown)            |
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| metallb                     | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (MetalLB)            |
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| metrics-server              | minikube | disabled     | Kubernetes                     |
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| nvidia-driver-installer     | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Nvidia)             |
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| nvidia-gpu-device-plugin    | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Nvidia)             |
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| olm                         | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Operator Framework) |
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| pod-security-policy         | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (unknown)            |
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| portainer                   | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Portainer.io)       |
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| registry                    | minikube | disabled     | minikube                       |
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| registry-aliases            | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (unknown)            |
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| registry-creds              | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (UPMC Enterprises)   |
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| storage-provisioner         | minikube | enabled ✅   | minikube                       |
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| storage-provisioner-gluster | minikube | disabled     | 3rd party (Gluster)            |
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| volumesnapshots             | minikube | disabled     | Kubernetes                     |
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|-----------------------------|----------|--------------|--------------------------------|

接下來，使用以下命令列出集群中目前运行的所有容器镜像：

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kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

现在，韵行以下命令获取 Kubernetes 面板的 URL：

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minikube dashboard --url

此時，Minikube 仪表盘已安装并运行在服务器上的 39509 端口上。但是，目前只能从本地地址访问它。如果要从外部访问它，需要运行以下命令。

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kubectl proxy --address='0.0.0.0' --disable-filter=true

現在，打開你的Chrome並输入 URL http://your-server-ip:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/http:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/。将被重定向到 Kubernetes 仪表盘，如下頁所示：